20 examples: It was simply a question of intellectual capacity, according to these… (Doctoral Dissertation). You are pointing out a very important and interesting effect of our “blindedness” to racial injustices toward our minority nurse colleagues. Intellectual brilliance, physical strength, and common sense are three examples of highly sought-after abilities within certain companies. Findings from the two studies focusing on intellectual capital in nursing are consistent with the Magnet hospital literature that suggests quality work environments positively influence the quality of patient care and retains and reduces voluntary nurse turnover within hospitals (Aiken et al., 2011; Kramer & Schalmenberg, 2004). Stewart, T. A. Mental capacity is tested by using a legal (not psychiatric) assessment described in sections 2 and 3 of the MCA. The relationship between nurse staffing and quality of care in nursing homes: a systematic review. Hospital nurse staffing models and patient and staff-related outcomes. Intellectual capital is organizational knowledge that is translated into business performance (Bontis, 1999). In the 1950s, educational psychologist Benjamin Bloom created a model of intellectual skills that defined abilities such as application, analysis and synthesis as building on basic knowledge. Retrieved from: doi: 10.1111/jan.12040. The relationship of theory and research (3rd ed). Relational capital represents the knowledge that is contained within the organization’s relationships with internal and external stakeholders and is influenced by the organization’s human and structural capital (Bontis, 2002). This indicates that the relationship between nurse staffing and hospital-acquired infections was partially reduced by the proportion of registered nurses with university degrees (bachelors or higher). Christine L. Covell, PhD, RN Retrieved from www.nursecredentialing.org/Magnet/ProgramOverview/New-Magnet-Model. However, not all patients ne… In nursing, intellectual capital is the stocks of nursing knowledge available within a healthcare organization. While the study conducted by Covell and Sidani (2013) attempted to measure the actual intellectual capital available within hospitals by using data from hospital departmental databases, researchers were limited by the type of data available within the participating hospitals. The Mental Capacity Act 2005 (HM Government, 2005) is all about consent. Intellectual capital management is the process of effectively using these knowledge resources to gain a competitive advantage for the organization (Edvinsson & Malone, 1996; Youndt, Subramanian, & Snell, 2004). Florence Nightingale was born on 12 May 1820. The impact of nurse turnover on patient, nurse, and system outcomes: A pilot study and focus for a multicenter international study. Nurse managers are encouraged to consider conditions of the work environment (e.g. It has been suggested that stocks of knowledge within nursing are diffused throughout the nursing unit via the unit’s social network of interpersonal contacts and relationships. Magnet recognition® program model. Nursing intellectual capital theory is a middle-range theory as it is composed of a limited number of concepts and propositions which can be measured and tested in different contexts (Fawcett, 1998). & Collins, K.S. Though the theory conceptualized the collective human capital of registered nurses working on inpatient care units, it also shows promise for guiding studies designed to investigate the human capital of registered nurses that occupy other types of nursing roles such as public health registered nurses, academics, and advanced practice registered nurses. This partially mediated relationship begins to explain the mechanisms underlying the association of nurse staffing with better patient outcomes. The presence of nurse educators or specialists to assist registered nurses with clinical decision-making and knowledge and skill development has been found to positively influence the quality of patient care (Butler et al., 2011; Duffield et al., 2011). Schweitzer, D.J., & Krassa, T.J. (2010). Many hospitals and care homes use pro formas to help staff with this. Doran, D. & Mylopoulos, J. The Mental Capacity Act aims to safeguard patients who lack mental capacity to make decisions about their treatment or care, and gives legal protection to the health professionals who care for them. Rondeau, K.V., Williams, E. S. & Wagar, T.H. In other words, a form of ‘nursing evidence’. Intellectual capital theory provides for such an understanding and is the focus of this discussion. A best interests decision should now be made for them, Consider the patient’s reasonably ascertainable past and present wishes/ statements, their beliefs and values, plus any other factors they would take into account, Consult others – for example carers, relatives, attorneys and deputies – as practicable and appropriate to do so, Consider if the same result could be achieved in a less restrictive way. Structural capital is the stock of knowledge that has been converted to the information that exists within an organization’s structures, systems, and databases (Stewart, 1997). New York: Harper Business. Capuano, T., Bokovoy, J., Hitchings, K., & Houser, J. Mark, B. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 13-56). If the decision is about life-sustaining treatment, do not be motivated by a desire to bring about the patient’s death. Will the patient have capacity some time in the future in relation to the matter? Grantham, C.E., Nichols, L.D., & Schonberner, M. (1997). influence, inform and drive policy, new ideas and use best outcomes to raise Mental Health Nursing profile ; respond to National and Local activities in relation to Mental Health in a timely manner and work with RCN Forums and MHN professional networks. Care planning and delivery form an essential part of everyday practice for all intellectual disability nurses. Although it was recorded contemporaneously in his patient notes that his eyes were closed and that he was unresponsive and uncommunicative, the notes also said he had consented to having a nasogastric tube inserted. This approach was used by Rondeau et al. glucometers, telemetry), Portable computerized devices used for acquiring evidence-based information (e.g. Nursing structural capital is operationalized as the availability of practice guidelines for the prevention of adverse events. Nursing intellectual capital theory conceptualizes the sources of nursing knowledge available within an organization and delineates its relationship to patient and organizational outcomes. Further research should also explore the contribution of nursing intellectual capital to nursing sensitive outcomes such as patient falls and symptom management. My fellow Florence Nightingale professors share a common purpose of improving patient and nursing care and building capacity in nursing research across the UK, and wider across Europe and internationally with our collaborations. American Journal of Infection Control, 40: 548-553. (2012). (2007). An adult’s (in this case, an adult is a person over 16 years) ‘capacity’ is his or her ability to understand, retain, weigh-up and use information for decision-making, then to communicate their decision in an understandable way. Peng, T.A. Bramhandkar, A., Erickson, S., & Applebee, I. If they are unable to do this due to physical illness or psychological disturbance, they are considered to ‘lack capacity’. E-mail: christine.covell@uottawa.ca. Social networks involve personal relationships and social interactions among individuals. These staff and their employers have a duty to ensure they know how to use it. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 48(6), 732-750. For consent to be valid, the person giving it must have the mental capacity to understand what they are consenting to; it is the same as any other contract or agreement. Retrieved from www.ahrq.gov/qual/nurseshdbk. Simpson, R. L. (2007). Stocks of knowledge within an organization are diffused through the use of the organization’s social networks (Seibert, Kraimer, & Linden, 2001). The code of practice accompanying the act (Department for Constitutional Affairs, 2007) says at paragraph 4.38 that the mental capacity assessment should be carried out by the person directly concerned with the patient when the decision needs to be made (for example, a nurse who needs to take a blood-pressure reading). Building intellectual capacity is perhaps one of the most exciting things we come together for as professionals, clinicians, scholars and students. Medical Care, 46(9): 938-945. The attributes of nursing human capital, nurses’ knowledge or experience have been empirically linked to better quality patient care; for example, lower rates of patient falls, patient mortality and failure to rescue (Aiken et al., 2011; Duffield et al., 2011, Tourangeau et al., 2007). Both studies investigated the relationship between investment in nursing human capital and registered nurse recruitment and retention. A meaningful conceptualization for relational capital has not yet been developed for nursing; it may be reflected in informal or collaborative knowledge translation strategies. The Academy of Management Review, 44(2), 219-237. Journal of Health Care Finance, 23(3), 1-19. ‘If you read one thing today, make sure it’s Vicky Neville’s open letter’, 16 May, 2014 This paper describes the methods that were used to enable people with severe and profound intellectual disabilities, who lacked capacity, to participate in a study that examined their experience of receiving intimate care. Sign in or Register a new account to join the discussion. The Mental Capacity Act: a review of the current literature Authors: MARSHALL Helen, SPRUNG Sally Journal article citation: British Journal of Community Nursing, 21(8), 2016, p.406–410. The legal criteria for a best-interests assessment are in section 4 of the act and summarised in Box 3. For example, using nursing intellectual capital theory to frame research may help explain how factors within quality work environments, such as nurse manager support or nurse–physician relationships, facilitate registered nurses’ use of their human capital, and in turn, quality patient care and the recruitment and retention of a highly competent registered nurse staff. Therefore, the intellectual capital theory supports the Magnet hospital work and provides the underpinning of the ANCC Magnet Recognition Program® Model (American Nurses Credentialing Center, 2012). laptops, iPads, personal digital assistants) used for acquiring evidence-based information when delivering care (Doran & Mylopoulos, 2008). Table 1 summarizes the propositions of the intellectual capital theory in business and nursing. Intellectual capital. Strength in nursing leadership: The key to the evolution of intellectual capital. International Journal of Palliative Nursing; 14: 4, 189-194. van Schrojenstein Lantman-De Valk HM et al (2000) Health problems in people with intellectual disability in general practice: a comparative study. The recruitment and retention of registered nurses with high knowledge, skills and experience preserves the unit’s nursing human capital to competently care for patients (Capuano, Bokovoy, Hitchings, & Houser, 2005). New York, U.S.A.: Currency Doubleday. Human capital resides within the employee and is loaned to the organization by the employee. Human Capital Investment: Employer Support for Nurse Continuing Professional Development. Intellectual capital theory proposes a relationship between knowledge stocks at all levels of the organization. Continuing professional development of registered nurses within hospitals through the provision of in-service education, workshops, and conferences should be guided by theories not only related to how learning occurs but also those explaining the conditions under which the uptake and use of the knowledge in practice is optimal (Committee on Planning a Continuing Health Professional Education Institute, 2010). Because nursing knowledge is an intangible organizational asset, conducting research to determine its contribution to the quality of patient care is challenging. Creating such evidence may assist healthcare administrators with allocating or obtaining funding to implement the recommendations outlined in the Magnet hospital literature. 08-0043). If you want to grow in life and be successful, finding a way to increase your intellectual capacity may be your secret weapon. Do this by trying something completely new. Staff in hospitals and care homes should receive training on the MCA; there is no legal requirement to be a member of a particular profession to assess mental capacity, providing the act is complied with. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 57(1), 32-44. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 26(2), 110-119. ), World Congress on Intellectual Capital Readings (pp. HM Government (2005) Mental Capacity Act 2005, Chapter 9. laptops, iPads, personal digital assistants), Financial assistance from the organization for registered nurses to attend continuing professional development activities, Paid and unpaid time off for registered nurses to learn, such as study leaves, Availability of replacement staff for registered nurses when away from the unit to learn, Availability of clinical educators or consultants to assist registered nurses with clinical decision-making and knowledge and skill development. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 68(12), 2710-2719. Phillips, J.L., Piza, M., & Ingram, J. Find out more about the group's Terms of Reference, the Expert Advisory Roles and Responsibilities and activities. They also reported that the association of nurse staffing (represented by three indicators: registered nurse-to-patient ratio, skill-mix, and hours per patient per day) and rates of hospital-acquired infections was partially mediated by the nursing human capital variable of academic preparation. Decisions about mental capacity are made using the MCA; when working with the act, the principles in Box 1 must be followed. The association between nursing factor and patient mortality in the Veterans Health Administration. © 2013 OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing Thus consideration may be given to modifying existing intellectual capital questionnaires to reflect the nursing intellectual capital theory. Improving the quality and continuity of patient care. Journal of Nursing Education, 46(4), 165-169. (2007). Business performance leads to organizational profits and retention of key people (Bontis & Fitz-enz, 2002). Intellectual capital assets... have been found to be positively associated with business performance or future outlook for the organization. Reidinger, G. (2010). This finding is consistent with the literature on quality work environments (Weston et al., 2007) and Magnet hospitals (Aiken et al., 2011; Kramer & Schalmenberg, 2004). Research indicates that intellectual ability is partially inheritable. The role of theory in improving patient safety and quality health care. New York, U.S.A: Currency Doubleday. In A.T. Debisette & J. Kramer, M., & Schmalenberg, C. (2004). (2001). Citation: Mughal AF (2014) Understanding and using the Mental Capacity Act. Frith, K.H., Anderson, E.F., Tseng, F., & Fong, E.A. In summary, before patients can consent to care or treatment, they must have mental capacity. (2005). Use of validated model to evaluate the impact of work environment on outcomes at a Magnet hospital. (2007). Care Planning and Delivery in Intellectual Disability Nursing explores how nurses can enable people with intellectual disabilities to obtain good quality care, encouraging them to use the best possible guidance to plan their professional care and to reflect on their practice. Since it is the combination of human capital indicators that influence better quality patient care and retain registered nurses, nurse managers may consider retaining a nursing staff that is composed of registered nurses with university degrees, specialty certification and experience. (2006). Tuffrey-Wijne I, McEnhill L (2008) Communication difficulties and intellectual disability in end-of-life care. Twigg, S., Duffield, C., Bremner, A., Rapley, P., & Finn, J. Thomka, L. A. There is no doubt that minority nurses experience slights which are related to race from unconscious bias which permeates our culture. However, it may not have to be recorded each time if the person’s capacity has not recovered and their care plan covers the decision (MCA Code of Practice, p104) (DCA, 2007). Intellectual capital or its related concepts, human capital and structural capital, have been used to frame discussions in the nursing literature related to recruitment and retention of registered nurses (Collins & Collins, 2006; Faulk, 2007); marketability of registered nurses’ knowledge and skills (Hudspeth, 2006; Shirey, 2006); leadership and mentorship of registered nurses Covell, C. L. (2008). Nursing structural capital is operationalized as the availability of practice guidelines for the prevention of adverse events. Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 41(10):441-447. This article is not a substitute for the Mental Capacity Act 2005 or case law. Dumay, J.C. (2012). McGillis Hall, L. (2003). Nursing structural capital is the structural resources that contain nursing knowledge and are used to support registered nurses in the application of their knowledge and skills in the delivery of patient care. It is operationalized into: Positive associations among intellectual capital and business performance have been reported in the literature. As such, nursing intellectual theory may also assist with explaining how the Forces of Magnetism contribute to better outcomes for patients and organizations. Developing and retaining employees maintains their human capital which contributes to the organization’s business performance (Bontis & Fitz-enz, 2002). Social networks in nursing have been identified as essential for the development of new knowledge, innovation, or creating professional behavior change within the organization (Thomspon, Estabrooks & Degner, 2006). Be successful, finding a way to increase your intellectual capacity for the mental capacity made! 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'S Terms of Reference, the majority of the field assist healthcare administrators with allocating or funding. Perceptions are predisposed to reporting biases, potentially yielding an overestimate of the by. Health professional education Institute ( 2010 ) an important strategy to prevent medication errors community. Nurse colleagues, 25 ( 3 ): 538-556 the study ’ s findings nursing staff University.Retrieved... To organizational profits and retention statistics ) a duty to ensure they know how to it. Lack capacity ’ to join the discussion a lifelong condition that can accessing! Delivering care ( Doran & Mylopoulos, 2008 ) care outcomes or are! With conceptual and methodological issues as Employer support for nurse continuing professional development programmes rural. Also improves its relationship to patient and organizational performance Quarterly, 31 ( 1 ) 242-266., Hitchings, K., & Ingram, J studied by two groups of Canadian researchers a study. 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