Shewanella algae rarely causes soft tissue and ear infections in humans ().The skin and soft tissue infections caused by Shewanella spp. There currently are no standard treatment guidelines for the management of this organism due to the paucity of evidence available, but susceptibility to third-generation and fourth-generation cephalosporins as well as quinolones and aminoglycosides is … The occurrence of the two Shewanella species found in clinical specimens, Shewanella algae and Shewanella putrefaciens, correlates with the temperature and salinity of seawater. Cell suspensions of S. algae and S. marisflavi could decolorize single or mixed azo dyes … B. Absorbance spectra of methanolic extracts of S. algae CECT 5071 colony biofilms grown on LB agar with or without CR and BBG … In some very rare cases Shewanella putrefaciens can be a human pathogen. Description and Significance. Shewanella algae is a gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacillus with a single polar flagellum. S. algae is found in warm Marine environments throughout the world, and is isolated from seawater with 15-20ppt salinity [6]. Growing cells of Shewanella algae and Shewanella marisflavi isolated from marine environments demonstrated better azo dye decolorization capacities than the other three strains from non-saline sources. Repeated isolation of the same organism from two different patients suffering from burn wound successful treatment thereafter confirms the need of utmost microbiological vigilance to identify the unusual pathogen. It can produce a wide variety of clinical syndromes including bacteremia as well as skin and soft tissue infections. We present two cases of pulmonary and bloodstream infections caused by two rare Shewanella … Infections rarely occur in colder marine climates or in healthy subjects. Shewanella algae is a Gram-negative, motile bacillus found ubiquitously in salt water reservoirs of warmer climates. These infections have a good clinical outcome if prompt medical, surgical and supportive treatment is offered. It is commonly associated with skin and soft tissue infections, peritonitis and bacteraemia. Introduction: Shewanella spp. are emerging human pathogens, the predominant species being Shewanella algae. Shewanella skin and soft tissue infections are more commonly seen in immunocompromised patients with a pre-existing cutaneous ulcer and most often associated with exposure to marine environments. Treatment failure due to emergence of resistance to carbapenem during therapy for Shewanella algae bacteremia. Note from Algae World News: Shewanella algae is a gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacillus with a single polar flagellum. Shewanella algae is a rare pathogen related to water exposure in temperate climates. returned positive for Shewanella algae that was pan-sensitive to all antibiotics tested. This means that Shewanella infections occur in warm climates or during especially warm summers in temperate climates. 1 Most reported infections occur in countries with warm climates and result from contact of contaminated water with disintegrated skin. No information about the initial prophylactic antibacterial therapy was available for this report. The organism produced yellowish-brown mucoid colonies on sheep blood agar and chocolate agar after 18 hours of incubation at 35 ° C under CO 2 atmosphere. Shewanella algae. Currently more than sixty species have been identified, whereas the most commonly clinical cases associated with Shewanella species have involved only two species, i.e., S. algae and S. putrefaciens. Abstract. They can cause a broad range of human infections. are ubiquitous gram-negative bacteria; possible reservoirs include all types of water, oil emulsions, petroleum brines, protein-rich foods, and soil (5–7). Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first case report of bacteremia and empyema caused by S algae. are associated with human infections that include bacteremia [1-5], cellulitis (skin and soft tissue infection) [1,2,4-9], ear infection [10], cerebellar abscess [11], wound infection [12], osteomyelitis [10] and endocarditis [13,14]. New enterant in the class of uropathogens shewanella algae. Naval Special Warfare (NSW) trainees undergo unique physiologic stresses during Basic A 59-year-old man presented to Tauranga Hospital (Tauranga, New Zealand) with lower limb soft tissue infection growing Shewanella algae isolated from blood and skin after fishing in seawater. Colony biofilm phenotypes of Shewanella algae.. A. Clinical Microbiology and Infection. Shewanella algae and S. putrefaciens are generally susceptible to common antibiotics, although drug-resistant strains may emerge during antibiotic treatment of infections. Shewanella It is noteworthy that poor outcome is usually associated with underlying disease. BibTex; Full citation; Publisher: 'American Society for Microbiology' DOI identifier: 10.1128/JCM.44.3.1172-1174.2006. Ltd. Biofield Treatment: An Alternative Approach to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Susceptibility Pattern of Raoultella ornithinolytica. Podiatry took the patient to the Operating Room where they performed extensive debridement of necrotic tissue of the dorsum of the patient's foot. Two Shewanella species, S. algae and S. putrefaciens, have been found in clinical specimens. This is the first published report of this marine organism causing infection in New Zealand. Based on these results, in CS-MFCs treating complex organic matter, exoelectrogens, such as Shewanella sp. Colony morphotypes of S. algae CECT 5071 wild-type (WT) on LB agar with or without Congo Red (CR) and Brilliant Blue G (BBG) supplementation. A 72-year-old male presented to the outpatient wound care center 1 wk after the onset of gradually worsening pain, redness, and swelling of his right lower extremity, together with fever and palpitations. Despite treatment with imipenem, the patient developed a spinal epidural abscess, from which imipenem-resistant S. algae was isolated. In recent years, some clinical infections caused by Shewanella putrefaciens came into view, and it was possible for the bacteria to be isolated from blood, pus, urine, sputum, and wound secretions, etc. Shewanella putrefaciens is as yet reputed to be a rare conditional pathogen. After 2 weeks of treatment, the antimicrobial drug was switched to oral ciprofloxacin; treatment was continued after dressing and debridement of the fasciotomy wound. Nath et al. We report the first case of purulent pericarditis with greenish pericardial effusion caused by Shewanella algae in a patient with gastric and gallbladder cancer. Shewanella putrefaciens is a gram-negative, nonfermentative, oxidase positive, motile bacillus that produces hydrogen sulphide. The development of resistance should be monitored when S. algae infection is treated with imipenem, even though the strain is initially susceptible to imipenem. Topic: Shewanella species: Case series on a rare emerging pathogen. 2. Azo dye decolorization was studied with Shewanella strains under saline conditions. reported two cases of gastroenteritis caused by Shewanella algae. Skin and soft tissue infections caused by . Members of Shewanella species are opportunistic pathogens that are found in marine environments. Shewanella algae and Shewanella putrefaciens: clinical and microbiological characteristics. We describe a case of bacteremia due to imipenem-susceptible Shewanella algae. The rapid reaction time, however, leads to decrease in reactivity and availability of ZVI. Shewanella spp. are commonly associated with chronic ulcers or infected burns of the lower extremities (2, 3).Skin ulcers have been reported to be colonized or infected with Shewanella spp., and skin ulcers are the port of entry for systemic infections (). Shewanella putrefaciens is a Gram-negative bacillus and marine pathogen that rarely causes disease in humans. Introduction: Shewanella is a gram negative marine bacterium of which S. putrefaciens and S. algae are pathogenic in immunocompromised patients and patients with pre-existing chronic ulcers. Such a case involving a young healthy individual should encourage health care providers to be aware of the potential infections caused by unusual pathogens, and to employ appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy … The occurrence of the two Shewanella species found in clinical specimens, Shewanella algae and Shewanella putrefaciens, correlates with the temperature and salinity of seawater. It is an uncommon cause of human disease but may produce bacteremia, skin and soft tissue infections, or otitis media [1]. Keywords Emerging pathogen, Shewanella algae Article Info Accepted: 04 April 2018 In particular, there are no specific antibiotics guidelines or protocols for Shewanella -associated infections. The headline “Flesh-eating algae” might be misleading. Human in-fection with Shewanella putrefaciens and S. algae: report of 16 cases in Martinique and review of the literature. Aims and Objectives: To describe four cases of Shewanella infection in susceptible patients. A high index of suspicion is required if the history is suggestive of marine or aquatic exposure, which could expose the patient to this lethal pathogen. We present Shewanella algea infection in a chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) patient with cholesteatoma in terms of clinical course and treatment. Shewanella algae is a seawater‐associated mesophilic emerging bacterial pathogen. There have been more cases of the bacterium colonizing medical equipment and its increasing involvement in hospital-based infections poses a new challenge. Shewanella putrefaciens . Get full access to this article. This case expands the reported spectrum of infection caused by S. algae and raises the possibility that S. algae is a causative pathogen for purulent pericarditis. Shewanella infection is associated with medical comorbidities, in particular, renal failure and cardiovascular disease. Shewanella algae infections are rare in humans. Most patients are managed successfully with surgical therapy, drainage, and antibiotics. This means that Shewanella infections occur in warm climates or during especially warm summers in temperate climates. Shewanella algae should be considered as an emerging pathogen of SSTIs mainly in patients with chronic ulcers and at times be multidrug resistant. Domain: Bacteria Phylum: Proteobacteria Class: Gamma Proteobacteria Order: Alteromonadales Family: Treatment Failure Due to Emergence of Resistance to Carbapenem during Therapy for Shewanella algae . Microbial reduction and recovery of palladium was achieved at 25°C and pH 7 using resting cells of the metal ion-reducing bacterium Shewanella algae when either lactate or formate was provided as an electron donor. The bioreductive recovery of palladium with formate was a fast process: 1–10 mol/m 3 aqueous Pd(II) ions were completely reduced to elemental palladium within 60 min. 2,3 The clinical disease spectrum ranges from skin and soft tissue infections after breaches of the dermis, such as ulcers or following trauma, 2,4,5 to septicemia, … Shewanella algae should be considered as an emerging pathogen of SSTIs mainly in patients with chronic ulcers and at times be multidrug resistant. These infections have a good clinical outcome if prompt medical, surgical and supportive treatment is offered. Both S. algae and multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli were co-isolated in this patient, which required broader spectrum antibiotics for successful treatment and management. By IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Karan Ostwal. Treatment of the fracture included osteosynthesis. Author information: (1)Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea. With the global spread of carbapenem-resistant organisms, there is an urgent need for new treatment options. This is the first time S. algea is found as solely pathogen in a CSOM patient without history of contact with seawater in Turkey. Pages 347-352. Top-trans and top-black views are shown. Intra-operative cultures subsequently grew Shewanella algae as well. Zevo-valent iron (ZVI) has been widely used in permeable reactive barriers for reducing organic contaminants, such as trichloroethylene (TCE). Despite treatment with imipenem, the patient developed a spinal epidural abscess, from which imipenem-resistant S. algae was isolated. OR-1, generate electricity by using fermentation products, such as acetate and propionate, excreted by fermentative bacteria, including Aminobacterium and Sedimentibacter, while other bacteria may decompose complex organic matter into monomers. Shewanella algae is an emerging pathogen found in … The infections described most commonly involve ears, skin and soft tissue, with or without … Vignier N, Barreau M, Olive C, et al. We present a case … and . The role of Shewanella in pathogenesis and its clinical significance remain undefined. Cite . However, pneumonia due to S. putrefaciens is rare; there are a total of 4 reported cases in the literature. With the global spread of carbapenem-resistant organisms, there is an urgent need for new treatment options. It is found widely in the nature especially in marine environments. View original article at: Flesh-eating algae: Murray Bridge man lucky to be alive after contracting shewanella infection Shewanella algae on horse blood agar. The patient was treated with intravenous high-dose ceftriaxone (2 g two times daily) due to the additional concern for central nervous system infection and oral ciprofloxacin 500 mg twice a day (adjusted for renal function) for biofilm activity. (2) Of the Shewanella spp., human clinical infections are caused by Shewanella algae and Shewanella putrefaciens, the greater share of which being the more pathogenic S. algae, possibly due to its ability to carry out beta-hemolytic type reactions and exotoxin production. By . https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01091 Following treatment, the initial outcome was favorable and the patient was capable of walking within the expected time frame. Shewanella algae is not an algae. Volume 11, Issue 5, 2005. The infections described most commonly involve ears, skin and soft tissue, with or without bacteraemia. Management of most Shewanella infections includes combinations of surgical therapy (debridement or drainage) and antibiotics [6-7]. His medical history included hypertension, atrial fibrillation treated with Kim DM(1), Kang CI, Lee CS, Kim HB, Kim EC, Kim NJ, Oh MD, Choe KW. We report a case of osteomyelitis by this organism in a 48-year-old male patient, who presented with pain and erythema of the right foot that was initially diagnosed as cellulitis and did not revert despite treatment. Related Papers.
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