SIGNS / SYMPTOMS. 77, No. Toluene Safety Data Sheet according to Federal Register / Vol. 8.6.5: Overview of Toxic Ingestions. The original guidelines were published in the . Symptoms. Description Poisonings are a common occurrence. Toluene is a highly toxic chemical that can bring about a wide range of detrimental health effects when inhaled, swallowed, or when it comes into contact with the skin and eyes. Toluene and benzene can be found in products such as gasoline, nail polish, hair dye, acrylic spray paint, airplane glue, plastic cement, cleaning products, and paint thinners. Toxicity usually starts at blood levels around 2.5mg/L. Hypokalemic paralysis and renal failure are life-threatening complications. Carbon monoxide. On the other hand, TDI is very irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract and may cause bronchospasm at levels less than 1 ppm. The NOAECs for maternal toxicity and developmental toxicity are 600 ppm (2261 mg/m3). Body systems affected by toluene. If inhaled, the central nervous system is the body system most at risk from toluene toxicity. Acute and chronic exposure to this substance have yielded a range of side effects observed in both humans and animals. If swallowed, toluene can greatly impair the function of the kidney and liver. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com] Toluene and xylene are clear, colorless liquids with a sweet, pungent odor that is detectable at low air concentrations. Nelson LS, Hoffman RS. CAS number: 108–88–3 NIOSH REL: 100 ppm (375 mg/m 3) TWA, 150 ppm (560 mg/m 3) STEL Current OSHA PEL: 200 ppm TWA, 300 ppm CEILING, 500 ppm 10-minute MAXIMUM PEAK. The clinical syndrome, toluene leukoencephalopathy, can be detected by a combination of characteristic symptoms and signs, detailed neurobehavioral evaluation, and brain magnetic resonance imaging. The study analyzed the exposure factors that may lead to neuropsychological symptoms among 92 workers who were exposed to Serious adverse behavioural effects are often associated with chronic occupational exposure and toluene abuse related to the deliberate inhalation of solvents. Poisoning a morbid condition caused by the action of poison on the body and accompanied by disruption of bodily systems and functions. CC Toluene is irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. The vapor is heavier than air and may accumulate in … on April 17, 1987. Differntiating Signs/Symptoms. Conversely, profound muscle weakness (or even paralysis) is the main symptom of chronic toluene poisoning, accompanied by gastrointestinal complaints (abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and hematemesis) and central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities - altered [symptoma.com] […] benzene poisoning a toxic condition caused by ingestion of benzene, inhalation of benzene fumes, or exposure to benzene-related products such as toluene or xylene, characterized by blurred vision, nausea, headache, dizziness, and incoordination. Toluene is typically used in a mixture with other solvents and chemicals such as paint pigments. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of T52.2 - other international versions of ICD-10 T52.2 may differ. Toluene vapor may also off-gas from th toxic vomitus of victims who have ingested toluene. Toluene; Benzene Solvent abuse | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org Toluene is an aromatic hydrocarbon composed of a benzene ring linked to one methyl group. Have feedback? Toluene vapor has a sharp or sweet odor, which is a sign of exposure. Toluene is a highly flammable liquid and it can cause mild damage to the skin and the eyes. However, the most-common hazard associated with this chemical is inhalation. Products containing toluene can produce dangerous fumes which can cause nausea, headaches, unconsciousness, and even death if inhaled. It is identified as CAS#108-88-3, and the United Nations Department of Transportation's number for toluene is UN#1294. Therefore, awareness should be lent to toluene as a cause in severe hypokalemia. Toluene is a seven-carbon aromatic hydrocarbon compound that is a minor component (∼5%) of all gasoline. Patients with acute toluene poisoning may present with a … Electrolyte and acid/base abnormalities after toluene inhalation have been reported. Diagnosis of toluene poisoning … Rosen's emergency medicine: concepts and clinical practice, 6th ed. Levels of 50mg/L and above are often fatal but this also depends on the age, weight and health status of the person. Toluene and xylene poisoning can occur when someone swallows these substances, breathes in their fumes, or when these substances touch the skin. Poisoning Definition Poisoning occurs when any substance interferes with normal body functions after it is swallowed, inhaled, injected, or absorbed. However, studies are not conclusive due to many confounding variables. Symptoms of toluene poisoning include CNS effects (headache, dizziness, Federal Register. Small amounts of toluene may have little to no noticeable effect. Benzene/poisoning; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Occupational Diseases/diagnosis* Substance-Related Disorders/diagnosis* Toluene/poisoning* Substances. If unconscious place in recovery position and seek medical advice. https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/MMG/MMGDetails.aspx?mmgid=157&toxid=29 Toluene is a common solvent found in many household products; its toxicity is low, and at low doses (less than 100 ppm) it normally causes few symptoms. ATSDR Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry BAEP Brainstem auditory evoked potentials BMD Benchmark dose BMDL BMD lower 95% confidence limit BMDS Benchmark dose modeling software BMR Benchmark response BTEX Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes CAS Chemical Abstracts Service Symptoms of poisoning may appear several hours later. toluene also causes irritation of the upper respiratory tract and eyes, sore throat, dizziness, and headache. Human studies have reported developmental effects, such as CNS dysfunction, attention deficits, and minor craniofacial and limb anomalies, in the children of pregnant women exposed to high levels of toluene or mixed solvents by inhalation. 16,20 In our case, diagnostic delay and improper sample handling rendered these tests inconclusive. The hallmark complications of toluene toxicity are renal tubular acidosis and hypokalemic paralysis. Toluene-induced chronic toxic encephalopathy causes cerebellar symptoms and signs such as ataxia, tremors, and nystagmus (14–17). DO NOT use it to treat or manage an actual poison exposure. Solvent and aromatic odors, paint on hands and face are clinical clues. Central neurological abnormalities and multiple chemical sensitivity caused by chronic toluene exposure. This article is for information only. It is identified as CAS#108-88-3, and the United Nations Department of Transportation’s number for toluene is UN#1294. Toluene‑induced leukoencephalopathy is a frequently seen medical condition worldwide; however the lack of specific clinical manifestations and laboratory tests makes it difficult to diagnose. It might be outdated or ideologically biased. Safety Data Sheet according to 29CFR1910/1200 and GHS Rev. The toxic effects of toluene, particularly kidney disorders and haematotoxicity, suggest a relationship between toluene, myelofibrosis and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. The branch of medicine that deals with the detection and treatment of poisons is known as toxicology. The associations of chronic toluene inhalation with cognitive impairment, psychiatric disorders, spasticity, and … According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the symptoms of acute toluene exposure can include: Cardiac arrhythmia; Confusion; Dermatitis; Dizziness 3 Effective date : 01.31.2015 Page 2 of 8 Toluene, Reagent Grade Created by Global Safety Management, Inc. -Tel: 1-813-435-5161 - www.gsmsds.com This toxicological profile is prepared in accordance with guidelines* developed by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Benzene is known to cause hematological disorders. If inhaled : Consult a physician after significant exposure. TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Studies suggest that toluene may cause developmental toxicity (may damage the developing fetus). Acute toluene toxicity causes neurological changes as well as various metabolic alterations. Poisoning in humans may be acute or chronic. The CNS is the primary target organ for toluene toxicity in both humans and animals for acute and chronic exposures. FIRST AID MEASURES General advice : Move out of dangerous area. Physical examination is an important aid in confirming a suspected diagnosis of toluene poisoning. Neuroimaging and medical history are often crucial to diagnosis of this disorder. The 2021 edition of ICD-10-CM T52.2 became effective on October 1, 2020. Toluene (methylbenzene, toluol, phenylmethane) is an aromatic hydrocarbon (C7 H8) commonly used as an industrial solvent for the manufacturing of paints, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and rubber. The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). 1) The differential diagnosis of toluene toxicity includes other causes of altered mental status, including trauma and infections, as well as other intoxicating substances, including ethanol, opioids, or other hydrocarbons. 0.4.3 INHALATION EXPOSURE A) This is the most common form of … Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in atten-dance. v . Toluene toxicity is a clinical diagnosis, although serum toluene and urine hippuric acid have been described as diagnostic measures. Toluene is a colorless, flammable liquid that is about 15% lighter than water. Blurred vision. Below are symptoms of toluene and xylene poisoning in different parts of the body. If the individual can recover from the symptoms, with appropriate medication and early support, the … Electrolytes should be measured for associated derangements. Toluene is used a solvent or as a chemical intermediate in various industrial applications. Blurred vision. Rapid inhalation of high concentrations of toluene can cause severe neurological complications. [Toluene addiction]. 1989 OSHA PEL: 100 ppm (375 mg/m 3) TWA, 150 ppm (560 mg/m 3) STEL 1993-1994 ACGIH TLV: 50 ppm (188 mg/m 3) TWA [skin] Description of substance: Colorless liquid with a sweet, pungent, … Objective: To identify the clinical and metabolic alterations associated with toluene intoxication. Toluene is a colorless substance with a sweet odor. TOLUENE . Long-term toluene exposure is often associated with effects such as: psychoorganic syndrome; visual evoked potential (VEP) abnormality; toxic polyneuropathy, cerebellar, cognitive, and pyramidal dysfunctions; optic atrophy; hearing disorders and brain lesions. Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a syndrome in which multiple symptoms occur with low-level chemical exposure; whether it is an organic disease initiated by environmental exposure or a psychological disorder is still controversial. [Article in German] Mathies V. PMID: 5419580 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] MeSH Terms. Use secondary code (s) from Chapter 20, External causes of morbidity, to indicate cause of injury. The Permissible Exposure Limit for toluene is 200 ppm 8-hour time weighted average, with an acceptable ceiling concentration of 300 ppm and an acceptable peak over the ceiling concentration of 500 ppm over 10 minutes. Toluene is a clear, colorless liquid which becomes a vapor when exposed to air at room temperature. TOLUENE Toxicity – Medscape. Most abused: gasoline, solvents like toluene, spray paints, lighter fluid, air fresheners, glue, and electronic cleaners (halogenated hydrocarbons) Toluene has a molecular weight of 92.14 g mol −1. CNS dysfunction (which is often reversible) and narcosis have been frequently observed in humans acutely exposed to low or moderate levels of toluene by inhalation; symptoms include fatigue, sleepiness, headaches, and nausea.
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